DCA1107 C PROGRAMMING JULY AUG 2025

Description

SESSION	JULY SEPTEMBER 2025
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA1107 C PROGRAMMING

 

SET-I

 

 

Q1. Explain  the  role  of  format  specifiers  in  the  printf  function  in  C.  Provide  examples  of different format specifiers and their corresponding data types. 5+5          

Ans 1.

Role of Format Specifiers in printf() Function in C

In C programming, the printf() function is one of the most widely used functions for displaying output on the screen. It belongs to the stdio.h (standard input/output) library and is used to print data of different types in a formatted way. The format of output is controlled through format specifiers, which are placeholders that define the type of data being printed and how it should be displayed. Without proper format specifiers, the output would be ambiguous and may lead to logical or runtime errors.

Concept of Format Specifiers

A format specifier is a symbol that begins with a percentage sign % followed by a character that

 

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Q2a) Compare and contrast while and do-while loops in terms of execution flow and behaviour.

b) Differentiate between the break statement and the continue statement. 5+5

Ans 2.

(a) Comparison Between While and Do-While Loops

Loops in C enable repeated execution of statements while a logical condition remains true. Among them, the while and do-while loops are similar in structure but differ in when and how the condition is tested. Understanding their execution flow is essential for writing efficient control structures.

While Loop – Entry Controlled

The while loop checks its condition before executing the body. If the condition evaluates to false initially, the body never runs. Hence, it is known as an entry-controlled loop. This loop is ideal when the number of iterations is unknown and must depend on runtime conditions such as user

 

 

Q3. Explain the concept of arrays in C programming. How are arrays declared and initialized? Discuss with examples. 2+3+5

Ans 3.

Concept of Arrays in C Programming, Declaration, and Initialization

An array in C is a powerful data structure that allows the programmer to store multiple elements of the same data type in a single variable. Instead of creating separate variables for each value, arrays group related data together in continuous memory locations. This feature simplifies data manipulation and enhances efficiency when working with large sets of data, such as marks, temperatures, or records.

Concept of Arrays

An array can be defined as a collection of homogeneous data elements stored in contiguous

 

 

SET-II

 

Q4. Define a string. Explain how strings are declared and initialized in C. Describe various string handling functions with examples. 2+3+5      

Ans 4.

Strings in C – Definition, Declaration, and String Handling Functions

String

In C programming, a string is defined as a sequence of characters terminated by a null character (‘\0’). Unlike some modern languages, C does not have a separate string data type; instead, strings are implemented as arrays of characters. This null terminator indicates the end of the string, allowing functions to determine its length. Strings are widely used for storing and manipulating text, such as names, messages, or input data.

Declaration and Initialization of Strings

A string is declared as a character array, specifying its size and optionally initializing it with a

 

 

Q5. Explain the concept of recursion in C programming. What are the necessary conditions for a function to be recursive? Provide an example of a recursive function in C that calculates the factorial of a number. 2+3+5            

Ans 5.

Concept of Recursion in C and Example of Factorial Program

Recursion

Recursion in C programming refers to the process where a function calls itself either directly or indirectly to solve a smaller instance of a problem. Instead of using loops, recursion allows a task to be divided into subproblems until a base condition is reached. It is widely used in solving mathematical problems like factorials, Fibonacci series, and searching or sorting algorithms.

Working Principle

When a recursive function is invoked, the system stores the current state, including local variables and return addresses, in the function call stack. Each recursive call works on a smaller

 

 

Q6. Explain the different types of loops in C. Provide examples.  5+5   

Ans 6.

Different Types of Loops in C Programming

A loop in C is a control structure that allows a set of instructions to be executed repeatedly based on a given condition. Loops reduce redundancy by eliminating the need to write repetitive code manually. They are especially useful when performing iterative tasks such as traversing arrays, computing series, or processing data until a specific condition is met. C supports three fundamental types of loops — for, while, and do-while — each with a distinct execution flow and use case.

1. The While Loop (Entry-Controlled Loop)

The while loop checks the test condition before executing the body of the loop. If the condition evaluates to true, the body executes; otherwise, it terminates without running even once. It is