| SESSION | FEB MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1207 PROJECT MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Why is project management important? Also, discuss the importance of project identification. 5+5 10
Ans 1.
Project Management
Project management is the structured approach of planning, organizing, executing, and monitoring specific tasks to achieve defined goals within a specified timeframe and budget. It provides a systematic framework that ensures efficiency, accountability, and successful delivery of projects. The importance of project management lies in its ability to align resources and efforts with business objectives.
First, project management ensures clarity of purpose. Through clearly defined objectives and
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Q2. Explain the life cycle of a project. 10
Ans 2.
Project Life Cycle
The project life cycle represents the sequence of phases a project undergoes from its initiation to closure. It provides a structured approach to managing work and ensures that each phase is completed before moving to the next. The life cycle is a framework that guides project managers and teams to maintain focus, control progress, and meet objectives effectively.
- Project Initiation
This is the starting phase where the project’s feasibility and value are assessed. A business
Q3. Define the term scheduling. What are the key steps included in risk management process? 5+5
Ans 3.
Definition of Scheduling
Scheduling in project management refers to the process of listing project activities, deliverables, milestones, and timelines in a systematic order. It is a key aspect of project planning that helps in tracking progress, allocating resources, and meeting deadlines. A schedule ensures that work is carried out in the correct sequence and within the allocated time. Tools such as Gantt charts, network diagrams, and project calendars are commonly used for scheduling.
Effective scheduling enhances team coordination, sets expectations, and identifies critical
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Define Quality. What are the key attributes of quality? 10
Ans 4.
Quality
In project management, quality is defined as the degree to which a project’s deliverables meet the established requirements and customer expectations. It refers to the performance, consistency, and reliability of the products, services, or processes involved in a project. Quality ensures that the final output is fit for use, free from defects, and provides value to stakeholders.
Quality is not limited to the end product but includes the processes followed to produce it. It
Q5. Describe the process of project performance evaluation. Also, briefly discuss the purpose of project execution and control. 6+4
Ans 5.
Project Performance Evaluation
Project performance evaluation is the systematic process of assessing a project’s progress and effectiveness against defined goals, timelines, and budgets. It helps in identifying areas of improvement, monitoring resource utilization, and ensuring that the project remains aligned with its objectives. Evaluation is carried out at different stages—during the project, at
Q6. Briefly discuss the steps to close the project. Discuss the advantages of using PM software package. 6+4
Ans 6.
Steps to Close the Project
- Final Deliverable Handover
The first step in project closure is delivering the final product or service to the client or end-user. This includes ensuring that all acceptance criteria have been met and obtaining formal approval from stakeholders. Documentation of the handover process is important for record-keeping.
- Completion of Documentation
All project-related documents such as contracts, design plans, schedules, test results, and financial records must be finalized and archived. This ensures transparency and aids in any
| SESSION | FEB MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1208 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. A company issued bonds with a face value of $100, sold at a 10% discount, and are redeemable at a 10% premium. Calculate the effective cost of these bonds for the company considering:
- a) A 5-year maturity period.
- b) Perpetual bonds (no maturity).
The company’s tax rate is 40%. 5+5
Ans 1.
- a) A 5-Year Maturity Period
Given:
- Face Value (FV) = $100
- Issue Price (IP) = $100 – 10% = $90
- Redemption Value (RV) = $100 + 10% = $110
- Maturity = 5 years
- Tax Rate = 40%
- Annual Interest = Assume 0% as not mentioned
Step 1: Use Approximate Cost of Debt Formula:
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Q2. a) If an amount of ₹50,000 is invested at an annual interest rate of 12%, calculate the future value of the investment after 3 years.
- b) Determine the present value of ₹50,000 to be received in the future, assuming a suitable discount rate and considering the concept of time value of money. 5+5 10
Ans 2.
Time Value of Money Calculations
- a) Future Value of ₹50,000 invested at 12% for 3 years
Formula:
Where:
- PV = ₹50,000
- r = 12% = 0.12
- n = 3
Q3a) What is leverage in financial management? Explain how it contributes to maximizing shareholders’ wealth
- b) Explain the concept of wealth maximization and distinguish it from profit maximization, highlighting their key differences and implications for financial decision-making. 5+5
Ans 3.
- a) Definition of Leverage
Leverage in financial management refers to the use of fixed cost-bearing assets or funds—such as debt or preferred equity—in order to increase the potential returns to shareholders. Leverage amplifies both gains and losses. It can be broadly classified into three types: operating leverage, financial leverage, and combined leverage. Operating leverage is linked to the cost structure of the business, whereas financial leverage involves the use of debt
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Briefly explain and compare the following financial instruments, highlighting their key features and differences:
- a) Financial Lease
- b) Hire-Purchase Financing 5+5
Ans 4.
Financial Lease: Definition and Characteristics
A financial lease is a long-term leasing arrangement in which the lessee is granted the right to use an asset for most or all of its useful life, in exchange for a series of fixed lease payments to the lessor. It is a non-cancellable agreement where the risks and rewards of asset ownership are transferred to the lessee, although legal ownership remains with the lessor. Financial leases are commonly used for capital-intensive assets such as machinery, vehicles, and heavy equipment. The lessee is responsible for maintenance, insurance, and other
Q5. Critically analyze the major theories of capital structure, highlighting their key assumptions, implications, and relevance with appropriate examples 10
Ans 5.
Capital Structure
Capital structure refers to the mix of debt and equity a firm uses to finance its operations and growth. It is a crucial aspect of financial management as it impacts the overall cost of capital, risk, and value of the firm. Several theories have been developed over the years to explain the optimal capital structure and how it influences the firm’s value and shareholders’ wealth.
Net Income (NI) Approach
The Net Income approach, proposed by David Durand, assumes that the cost of debt is
Q6. ABC Corp is evaluating a potential investment project involving an initial outlay of $200,000. The expected annual cash inflows are $50,000 for the next 3 years. Given a discount rate of 15%, calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of the project and provide an assessment of its financial viability 10
To calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of ABC Corp’s investment project, we will use the standard NPV formula and assess the project’s financial viability.
Ans 6.
NPV Calculation
Given:
- Initial Investment (Outlay): $200,000
- Annual Cash Inflows: $50,000 per year
- Time Period: 3 years
- Discount Rate: 15%
NPV Formula:
| SESSION | FEB_MAR 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1209 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Define Communication. Mention any four barriers to communication and substantiate your answer with one example for each. 02+08
Ans 1.
Definition of Communication
Communication is the process of exchanging information, thoughts, ideas, and emotions between individuals or groups through a common system of symbols, signs, behavior, or language. It involves a sender, a message, a medium, and a receiver. The purpose of communication is to share understanding and achieve a desired outcome, whether in personal, academic, or business contexts. In a business setting, effective communication fosters collaboration, decision-making, productivity, and conflict resolution.
Barriers to Communication
Despite its importance, communication is often hindered by several barriers. These obstacles
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Q2. Justify the importance of effective questioning that facilitates effective listening. Examine the different forms of questions that help in effective questioning. 04+06
Ans 2.
Importance of Effective Questioning in Communication
Effective questioning is a fundamental communication skill that directly influences the quality of information exchanged and the level of understanding between individuals. It enhances active listening and encourages meaningful dialogue. When used properly, questioning not only clarifies messages but also uncovers hidden issues, promotes engagement, and builds trust between the speaker and listener.
In a business context, effective questioning enables managers to gain clear insights, resolve problems, encourage feedback, and assess employee needs. It also fosters participation and
Q3. Describe the different steps in making oral presentations. 10
Ans 3.
Oral Presentations
Oral presentations are structured verbal communications designed to inform, persuade, or entertain an audience. In academic and professional contexts, they are widely used to present ideas, proposals, project updates, and research findings. An effective oral presentation involves not only content preparation but also delivery, audience engagement, and the use of visual aids.
Assignment Set – 2
- What is a Resume? Explain the different components of a Resume. 02+08
Ans 4.
Definition of Resume
A resume is a formal document that summarizes an individual’s educational qualifications, work experiences, skills, achievements, and other relevant details to showcase their suitability for a particular role or job. It serves as a personal marketing tool used during job applications, interviews, or academic admissions. A well-structured resume creates the first impression for a prospective employer and often determines whether a candidate proceeds to the next stage of the
Q5. Highlight the specific objectives of corporate advertising. Discuss the different types of corporate advertising. 04+06
Ans 5.
Corporate Advertising
Corporate advertising refers to the promotion of a company’s overall brand image, values, or mission rather than promoting a specific product or service. It focuses on building a strong corporate reputation among stakeholders such as investors, employees, government bodies, and the public. It differs from product advertising by being more strategic and long-term in nature.
Objectives of Corporate Advertising
- Building Corporate Image
The primary goal is to establish and maintain a positive public image. A strong corporate image
- Elucidate the term meeting in terms of business context. Discuss the different categories of business meetings. 02+08
Ans 6.
Business Meeting
In the business context, a meeting is a structured event where two or more people come together to discuss specific topics, share information, make decisions, or solve problems. Meetings are vital communication tools within organizations that support planning, strategy formulation, coordination, and performance evaluation. Whether conducted in person or virtually, meetings
| SESSION | FEB/MAR 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1210 MARKETING MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. What marketing strategies do companies use when making decisions about their product mix? Additionally, what factors influence a company’s product mix choices? 4+6
Ans 1.
Marketing Strategies for Product Mix Decisions
When companies make decisions about their product mix, they rely on specific marketing strategies to align their offerings with consumer needs, market conditions, and company goals. One key strategy is product line expansion, which involves adding new products to an existing line to capture a broader market. For instance, a smartphone brand might introduce various models targeting different price segments. Another strategy is product modification, where existing products are upgraded with new features or improvements to maintain
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Q2. Explain in detail the key stages involved in the value delivery process. 10
Ans 2.
Value Delivery
The value delivery process refers to the entire sequence of activities through which a company creates, communicates, and delivers value to customers. It ensures that products and services are aligned with customer expectations and delivered efficiently and effectively.
Stage 1: Choosing the Value
This is the strategic phase where a company defines its target market and value proposition. The organization conducts market segmentation, targeting, and positioning (STP) to identify
Q3. How do various internal and external forces impact a firm’s pricing strategies? Discuss these influences in detail, illustrating each with appropriate examples. 10
Ans 3.
Impact of Internal and External Forces on a Firm’s Pricing Strategies
Pricing is one of the most critical decisions in marketing strategy, directly affecting a firm’s profitability and market position. A company must carefully evaluate both internal and external forces when determining its pricing strategies. These forces influence not only how much customers are willing to pay but also how effectively a company can compete in the market. Understanding these dynamics helps businesses set prices that align with their
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. What is consumer behavior? Explain in detail the various factors that influence how consumers make decisions. 2+8
Ans 4.
Consumer Behavior
Consumer behavior refers to the study of how individuals, groups, or organizations select, buy, use, and dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants. It includes psychological, social, and emotional processes that influence purchase decisions. Understanding consumer behavior helps marketers develop strategies that
Q5. State the concept of targeting and positioning with emphasis on its role in designing marketing strategies. 10
Ans 5.
Targeting and Positioning
Targeting and positioning are critical elements of marketing strategy. They are part of the STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) model, which helps companies identify their ideal customer segments, choose whom to serve, and design a compelling brand image in the minds of customers.
Concept of Targeting
Targeting involves evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness and selecting one or
Q6. Integrated marketing communication requires rigorous planning and detailing of steps to develop strategy. Considering this statement, discuss the steps followed in developing an integrated promotion mix. 10
Ans 6.
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is a strategic approach that ensures all forms of communication and messaging are carefully linked together. It provides consistency across advertising, sales promotion, public relations, direct marketing, and digital platforms. IMC aims to deliver a unified message that reinforces the brand and strengthens customer
| SESSION | FEB-MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | II |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1211 ECONOMIC THEORY |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. What is utility? Examine the importance of diminishing marginal utility in demand analysis. 3+7
Utility
Utility refers to the satisfaction or benefit derived by a consumer from consuming a good or service. It is a subjective concept as the same product can offer different levels of satisfaction to different individuals. Economists use utility to explain how consumers make choices to maximize satisfaction within a given income. Utility is of two types—total utility and marginal utility. Total utility refers to the overall satisfaction from consumption, while marginal utility is the additional satisfaction gained from consuming one more unit of a good.
Importance of Diminishing Marginal Utility
The law of diminishing marginal utility is a fundamental principle in economics. It states that
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Q2. Discuss the concept of supply. Also write a note on factors affecting supply along with suitable examples. 3+7
Concept of Supply
Supply refers to the quantity of a product or service that producers are willing and able to offer for sale at different price levels over a specific period. Unlike demand, which reflects consumer behavior, supply reflects producer behavior. According to the law of supply, all other factors being equal, the quantity supplied increases with a rise in price and decreases when the price falls. This happens because higher prices offer better profit margins,
Q3. Elucidate the concept of indifference curve. Also discuss its characteristics. 5+5
Indifference Curve
An indifference curve represents a graphical view of various combinations of two goods that provide the same level of satisfaction to a consumer. The consumer is indifferent between these combinations, as each bundle yields equal utility. It is used in consumer theory to analyze choices between different bundles when prices and income are not fixed. Indifference curves are based on the ordinal approach to utility, meaning that satisfaction is ranked rather
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Elucidate perfect competition. Explain the price determination under it. 3+7
Ans 4.
Elucidate Perfect Competition. Explain the Price Determination Under It
Perfect Competition
Perfect competition is a market structure characterized by a large number of buyers and sellers, where no individual firm has the power to influence the price of the product. In this market, the goods offered by different firms are identical, and all firms sell at a uniform price. It is considered the most ideal form of market due to its high efficiency and complete transparency. Consumers have perfect knowledge of prices and products, and there are no barriers to entry or exit in the market. Firms in perfect competition are price takers and not
Q5. Examine the given concepts-
- Paradox of thrift 2. Multiplier 5+5
Ans 5.
Paradox of Thrift
The paradox of thrift is a concept in Keynesian economics which suggests that while saving is generally good for individuals, increased savings by the entire population can have adverse effects on the economy. According to this paradox, if people increase their savings during times of economic recession, it can lead to a decrease in aggregate demand, which results in
Q6. Analyze the Marginal productivity Theory of Wage Determination and Ricardian theory of rent. 5+5
Ans 6.
Marginal Productivity Theory of Wage Determination
The marginal productivity theory of wages states that in a competitive labor market, a worker is paid a wage equal to the value of their marginal product. This means the wage rate is determined by the additional contribution of one more unit of labor to total output. According to this theory, a rational employer will hire workers up to the point where the marginal
| SESSION | FEBRUARY – MARCH 2025 |
| PROGRAM | BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) |
| SEMESTER | 02 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DBB1212 LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Define and distinguish between a Condition and a Warranty with appropriate example. 10
Ans 1.0
Condition
In the context of the Indian Contract Act, a condition is a stipulation that is essential to the main purpose of the contract. If a condition is not fulfilled or is breached, the aggrieved party has the right to treat the contract as voidable and may also claim damages. It is a core term of the contract, and its performance is necessary to achieve the intended purpose.
Definition of Warranty
A warranty, on the other hand, is a stipulation that is collateral to the main purpose of the
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Q2. Write a detailed note on Copyright and major classes of it work 10
Ans 2.
Copyright
Copyright is a form of intellectual property protection granted to creators of original works. It provides legal rights to authors, artists, and other creators to control the use of their literary and artistic creations. The primary purpose is to encourage creativity and innovation by rewarding the creator with exclusive rights for a certain period.
In India, copyright is governed by the Copyright Act, 1957 and its subsequent amendments. It
Q3. Who is agent? Describe the rights of an agent against his principal. 3+7
Ans 3.
Definition of Agent
As per Section 182 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, an agent is a person employed to do any act for another or to represent another in dealings with third persons. The person for whom such act is done, or who is represented, is called the principal. An agent creates legal relations between the principal and third parties through his authorized actions.
Duties of the Agent
While agents have rights, they also have duties toward their principal such as:
, and ensure that agents are not exploited or treated unfairly.
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. “All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts.” Discuss the statement explaining the essential elements of a valid contract. 10
Ans 4.
Understanding the Statement
The statement “All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts” highlights the distinction between a general agreement and a legally binding contract. An agreement is a broader term referring to mutual understanding between parties, which may or may not be enforceable by law. A contract, however, is a specific kind of agreement that is enforceable in
Q5. What are the powers and functions of the Competition Commission? 10
Ans 5.
Competition Commission of India (CCI)
The Competition Commission of India (CCI) was established under the Competition Act, 2002 to promote and sustain healthy competition in the Indian economy. It is a regulatory body that prevents anti-competitive practices and ensures consumer welfare.
Objectives of the Competition Commission
- Prevent practices that adversely affect competition
Q6. Who is a Consumer? What consumer rights are guaranteed under Consumer Protection Act, 2019 5+5
Ans 6.
Consumer
Under Section 2(7) of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, a consumer is defined as a person who buys goods or avails services for a consideration, which has been paid, promised, or partly paid and partly promised. It includes both offline and online transactions. However, a person who obtains goods or services for commercial purposes is not considered a consumer