MUJ MBA 1st SEM Solved Assignment 2025
| SESSION | JAN-FEB 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | 1 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA113 ENTREPRENEURIAL PRACTICE |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. A food delivery start-up in your city survived the pandemic but now faces rising fuel costs, driver shortages, and competition from global players. The founder, a first-generation entrepreneur, is reconsidering their business model.
Tasks:
Propose two creative pivots (e.g., niche targeting, tech integration) to help the start-up adapt. Justify how these address both customer needs and operational challenges.
What three personal traits would the founder need to lead this change? Use examples from their background (e.g., prior failures, cultural context) to argue your case. 5+5
Ans 1.
Proposing Creative Pivots and Entrepreneurial Traits for Business Adaptation
Pivot 1: Hyper-Local Niche Targeting for Market Differentiation
In response to the multiple operational challenges such as rising fuel costs, limited driver availability, and increasing competition, one viable pivot for the food delivery start-up is adopting a hyper-local niche targeting model. This involves narrowing down the delivery radius to 3–5 kilometers and focusing solely on densely populated residential areas or office hubs. By concentrating services within smaller zones and establishing partnerships with local eateries, the company can significantly reduce fuel consumption and improve delivery efficiency. This pivot also enables the firm to offer quicker delivery times and more personalized service, which is becoming an essential customer need in today’s fast-paced
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Q2. A 50-year-old family-owned textile company wants to innovate but fears alienating loyal customers. The CEO hires you to explore “intrapreneurship” — encouraging employees to act like entrepreneurs within the company.
Design a 30-day pilot program (e.g., idea hackathons, cross-department teams) to foster intrapreneurship. Highlight one potential resistance point (e.g., senior management skepticism) and how to overcome it.
Argue whether the company should pursue incremental (e.g., eco-friendly fabrics) or disruptive (e.g., AI-driven customization) innovation first. Back your choice with market trends. 5+5
Ans 2.
Intrapreneurship Pilot Program and Innovation Strategy for a Textile Company
30-Day Intrapreneurship Program for Driving Internal Innovation
To introduce a culture of intrapreneurship in the 50-year-old textile company, a well-designed 30-day pilot program can be implemented to test employee engagement in innovation. The first phase, “Week of Exploration,” can involve innovation workshops and keynote sessions on successful intrapreneurship case studies in traditional industries. These sessions will set the tone for the initiative and motivate employees.
In the second phase, “Team Activation Week,” employees from various departments will be
Q3. An Indian handicraft e-commerce platform wants to expand to Germany but struggles with pricing (high production costs), logistics, and cultural fit (e.g., Germans prioritize sustainability over “exotic” branding).
Tasks:
Localize or Globalize? Recommend two changes to their product listings (e.g., highlighting artisan wages, carbon-neutral shipping) to appeal to German consumers. Use competitor research to support your ideas.
Partnership Play: Identify one type of ally (e.g., local distributor, EU sustainability certifier) to accelerate entry. What would make them say “yes” to this collaboration? 5+5
Ans 3.
Localize or Globalize: Product Strategy and Partnerships for German Expansion
Change 1: Emphasizing Ethical Wages and Artisan Empowerment
The e-commerce platform should localize its messaging by prominently featuring information about how the purchase supports artisan livelihoods and promotes ethical labor practices. German consumers are increasingly socially conscious and prefer to engage with brands that exhibit fairness in trade. Research from the Statista Global Consumer Survey 2023 revealed that nearly 70% of German consumers are willing to pay more for products that support fair
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. A tech startup has developed an AI-powered farming tool but hasn’t protected its intellectual property. A competitor just launched a similar product, and the founder fears copycats. They have limited funds for legal fees.
Propose two cost-effective ways to protect their innovation (e.g., provisional patent, trade secrets). What are the risks of each?
The startup’s lawyer suggests licensing the tech to the competitor. Draft three key terms (e.g., royalty rate, exclusivity) the founder should demand—and why. 5+5
Ans 4.
IP Protection and Licensing Strategy for an AI-Powered Farming Tool
Protection Method 1: Filing a Provisional Patent Application
A cost-effective way to protect the innovation is by filing a provisional patent. This allows the startup to secure a priority date without bearing the full cost of a non-provisional patent, buying 12 months to test the product and raise funds. This method offers early protection and a competitive edge while the product is further refined. However, the risk is that if a non-provisional patent isn’t filed within that year, the protection lapses. Also, the filing must be detailed and technically sound; otherwise, the startup risks loopholes that competitors can
Q5. A sustainable fashion brand needs $500K to scale. The founder must pitch two investors:
A venture capitalist (wants rapid growth).
An impact investor (prioritizes ethical labor practices).
Compare how the founder should adjust their financial projections (e.g., break-even timeline) and storytelling for each investor.
Identify one term in the term sheet (e.g., equity stake, board seat) that could clash with the founder’s values—and how to negotiate it. 5+5
Ans 5.
Tailoring the Pitch: Sustainable Fashion Funding Strategies
Adjusting Financial Projections for Two Types of Investors
When pitching to a venture capitalist (VC), the founder must emphasize rapid revenue growth, customer acquisition metrics, and a shorter break-even timeline. Venture capitalists typically seek a 5–10x return within a 5–7 year window, so the financial projections should showcase aggressive scaling. For example, the founder can demonstrate how the $500K investment will be used to expand production capacity, enhance online marketing, and enter international markets, thereby tripling revenue within three years. The break-even point
Q6. After 10 years, the founder of a profitable edtech company must choose between:
Selling to a rival.
Passing the business to their child (who lacks industry experience).
Taking the company public.
Create a decision matrix comparing options based on financial return, legacy, and risk. Which would you pick and why?
If the founder chooses family succession, outline a 3-year training plan for the heir (e.g., shadowing, mentorship). What’s the biggest hurdle? 5+5
Q6. Strategic Exit Decision and Succession Planning in EdTech
Decision Matrix: Comparing Exit Strategies
To evaluate the founder’s options—selling, passing to the child, or going public—a decision matrix can be used with criteria like financial return, legacy, and risk.
| Option | Financial Return | Legacy | Risk |
| Sell to Rival | High (upfront) | Low (mission lost) | Medium (integration failure) |
| Pass to Child | Moderate | High (family legacy) | High (lack of expertise) |
| SESSION | JAN-FEB 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA114 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION (WAC) |
Set – 1
Q1. Elucidate the Communication process while explaining all its six components. 10
Ans 1.
Communication Process and Six Components
Communication Process
The communication process is a fundamental element of both personal and professional life. It involves the systematic exchange of information between individuals or groups to create shared understanding. Effective communication requires a seamless flow of messages through a clearly defined structure. The process includes six key components: sender, message, encoding, channel, decoding, and receiver.
Each component plays a vital role in ensuring that the intended message is accurately
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Q2. Explain the various types of Non-Verbal Communication while giving examples as how you will use NV Communication when appearing for a job interview.
Ans 2.
Non-Verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication refers to the transmission of messages without the use of spoken or written words. It involves facial expressions, gestures, posture, body movements, eye contact, tone of voice, and appearance. In professional settings like job interviews, non-verbal cues often carry more weight than verbal communication. Employers pay close attention to these signals to assess a candidate’s confidence, sincerity, and professionalism.
Facial Expressions and Eye Contact
Facial expressions convey a range of emotions such as happiness, interest, confusion, or
Q3. Suppose you have to write a sales pitch to present in front of the Board of Directors. Describe the steps you will follow in your writing methodology. 10
Ans 3.
Objective and Audience
The first step in writing an effective sales pitch for the Board of Directors is to clearly understand the purpose of the pitch and who the audience is. The Board typically comprises senior professionals who are focused on strategic alignment, profitability, and risk mitigation. Therefore, my writing approach would begin by identifying their interests, expectations, and decision-making priorities. This understanding would guide the tone, structure, and content of
Set – 2
Q4. If you have to give an oral presentation in front of your team, write down and explain the steps you would follow. 10
Ans 4.
Planning and Setting Objectives
The first step in delivering an effective oral presentation is proper planning. I would begin by defining the goal of the presentation—whether it’s to inform, motivate, train, or update the team. Clear objectives help determine the content and tone of the presentation. Understanding the team’s current knowledge level and interests is also critical to make the session relevant and engaging.
Researching and Organizing Content
After defining the objective, I would research the topic thoroughly. This includes gathering
Q5. Emails are an important medium of communication in a work environment. Elucidate upon the principles of email communication you should follow while framing emails. 10
Ans 5.
Email Communication in the Workplace
Emails have become an essential communication tool in modern professional environments. They are used for sharing information, giving instructions, sending updates, requesting feedback, and documenting official conversations. Since emails represent the tone and professionalism of the sender, it is crucial to follow established principles while drafting them
Q6. Describe the tools and resources for digital writing. 10
Ans 6.
Digital Writing
Digital writing refers to creating content for online platforms, including websites, blogs, emails, social media, and professional documents. In the digital age, writing has extended beyond traditional paper-based formats to include interactive, multimedia, and collaborative content.
To succeed in digital writing, one must use the right tools and resources that enhance quality, efficiency, and engagement.
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | 01 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA115 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. What are the key determinants of price elasticity of demand?
Ans 1.
Key Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand
Price Elasticity of Demand
Price elasticity of demand (PED) measures how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in its price. It is a crucial concept in managerial economics as it helps businesses understand how a change in price might affect their total revenue and sales volume. A product is considered elastic if a small price change causes a significant change in quantity demanded, and inelastic if demand remains relatively stable despite price changes.
Availability of Substitutes
One of the most important factors influencing price elasticity is the availability of close
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Q2. Explain the meaning of the Law of Supply. Also highlight the exceptions to the Law of Supply. 5+5
Ans 2.
Law of Supply and Its Exceptions
Law of Supply
The Law of Supply is a fundamental concept in microeconomics that states that, all other things being equal, an increase in the price of a good leads to an increase in the quantity supplied. In simple terms, suppliers are more willing to produce and sell a product when its price is higher, as it promises better profitability. This relationship between price and quantity
Q3. Classify the various types of costs in economics.
Ans 3.
Classification of Various Types of Costs in Economics
Cost in Economics
In economics, cost refers to the expenditure incurred in the production of goods and services. Understanding cost is crucial for managerial decision-making as it directly influences pricing, output levels, profitability, and resource allocation. Costs are classified in various ways depending on their behavior, nature, and purpose.
Fixed and Variable Costs
One of the most fundamental classifications is between fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Examine the key characteristics of a perfectly competitive market 10
Ans 4.
Key Characteristics of a Perfectly Competitive Market
Perfect Competition
A perfectly competitive market is a theoretical construct in microeconomics where numerous buyers and sellers interact freely. No individual participant has the power to influence the price. This market structure is ideal for understanding price and output determination in
Q5. Illustrate the concept of the consumption function and analyse its relationship with varying income levels. 10
Ans 5.
Concept of the Consumption Function and Its Relationship with Income Levels
Consumption Function
The consumption function is a key concept in macroeconomics that describes the relationship between household consumption and disposable income. Originally proposed by John Maynard Keynes, the function illustrates how much households plan to spend out of their income on goods and services. It plays a vital role in determining national income and is a foundation of the Keynesian economic model.
Q6. Interpret the Phillips Curve and assess the trade-off it presents between inflation and unemployment.
Ans 6.
Interpretation of the Phillips Curve and the Inflation–Unemployment Trade-Off
Phillips Curve
The Phillips Curve is an economic concept that describes the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment. First introduced by economist A.W. Phillips in 1958, it posits that as unemployment decreases, inflation tends to rise, and vice versa. This trade-off has significant implications for policymakers seeking to balance economic stability with
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | 01 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA116 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Define accounting. Write a note on: Accounting as an information system.
Ans 1.
Definition of Accounting and Its Role as an Information System
Definition of Accounting
Accounting is defined as the systematic process of identifying, recording, classifying, summarizing, interpreting, and communicating financial information to various stakeholders. It helps in tracking the financial performance of a business and is essential for decision-making, regulatory compliance, and strategic planning. In simple terms, accounting provides a structured framework for monitoring the inflow and outflow of financial resources in an organization.
Accounting as an Information System
Accounting serves as an information system by collecting and processing financial data to
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Q2. What are the various users of accounting information? Explain their information needs. 5+5
Ans 2.
Users of Accounting Information and Their Needs
Users of Accounting Information
Accounting information is valuable to a diverse group of stakeholders. Each user relies on financial data for specific decision-making purposes. The users can broadly be classified into internal users (within the organization) and external users (outside the organization). Understanding their information needs is essential for preparing relevant and useful financial statements.
Internal Users and Their Information Needs
Internal users are individuals involved in the daily operations and strategic decision-making
Q3. State the meaning and significance of going concern concept in accounting. 5+5
Ans 3.
Meaning and Significance of Going Concern Concept in Accounting
Meaning of Going Concern Concept
The Going Concern Concept is a fundamental accounting assumption which states that a business will continue its operations into the foreseeable future and has no intention or necessity to liquidate or significantly curtail its operations. This concept implies that the business entity will remain operational long enough to carry out its objectives and obligations.
Under this assumption, assets are recorded based on their historical cost and not their
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Distinguish between Journal and Ledger. Give one format of ledger. 5+5
Ans 4.
Difference Between Journal and Ledger
In accounting, Journal and Ledger are two fundamental stages in the recording process, but each has a distinct function. The Journal, often called the book of original entry, is where transactions are first recorded in chronological order. Each transaction is recorded using the double-entry system, showing which account is debited and which is credited, along with a short narration and date.
Q5. What is meant by Trial Balance? What are the main objectives and limitations of a trial balance? 5+5
Ans 5.
Meaning, Objectives, and Limitations of Trial Balance
Meaning of Trial Balance
A Trial Balance is a financial statement that lists all the ledger account balances of a business at a particular date. It is prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of bookkeeping entries. The total of debit balances must equal the total of credit balances, indicating that the books are mathematically correct. It is not a financial statement in itself but serves as a working paper for preparing the final accounts, such as the Trading, Profit & Loss Account, and
- A machine is purchased for Rs. 1,80,000 and Rs. 20,000 is spent on its installation. Residual value of the machine is Rs 10,000. Estimated useful life of the machine is 5 years. Calculate the rate of Depreciation. 10
Ans 6.
Depreciation in Asset Valuation
Depreciation is an essential concept in financial accounting that refers to the gradual reduction in the value of a fixed asset over its useful life. It arises due to wear and tear from regular use, technological obsolescence, passage of time, and other factors that diminish an asset’s value. Businesses use depreciation to allocate the cost of tangible assets such as machinery, equipment, and vehicles over the period during which they generate revenue. This ensures a more accurate reflection of the asset’s value and performance in financial
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA117 DATA VISUALIZATION |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Briefly explain how data visualization is applied in healthcare, marketing, or finance. Give examples to show how it helps in decision-making. 10
Ans 1.
Data Visualization
Data visualization is the graphical representation of data and information using visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps. It helps in understanding complex data sets and deriving actionable insights. In modern business environments, data visualization plays a critical role in decision-making by making large volumes of data easily interpretable.
Application in Healthcare
In the healthcare industry, data visualization is used to track patient outcomes, monitor
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Q2. What are Pivot Charts and Pivot Tables? Explain with the help of a suitable example. 10
Ans 2.
Pivot Tables
A Pivot Table is an interactive table in Excel that allows users to summarize, analyze, explore, and present large data sets. It enables dynamic reorganization of data to identify trends, relationships, and insights without altering the original data. Users can drag and drop fields to rows, columns, and values to generate real-time summaries.
Example of a Pivot Table
Consider a sales dataset with columns such as Date, Region, Product, and Sales Amount. A
Q3. Write Short Notes On:
- Combo Charts
- Sparklines 5*2
Ans 3.
- Combo Charts
Combo Charts are hybrid charts in Excel that allow the display of multiple chart types within a single chart. They are used when there are two or more data series with different value scales or types of data that are best visualized using distinct chart forms. The most common combination includes a column chart and a line chart plotted on secondary axes.
Use Case of Combo Charts
Suppose a company wants to compare total sales and profit margins across different quarters.
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. How effective is Tableau as a tool for Visualization? 10
Ans 4.
Tableau
Tableau is one of the most powerful and widely used data visualization tools available in the business intelligence landscape today. Known for its ease of use, interactive dashboards, and advanced data processing capabilities, Tableau empowers users to convert raw data into
Q5. Write Short Notes on the following:
- Parameters in Tableau
- Story in Tableau
- Filters in Tableau
- Dashboarding 2.5*4
Ans 5.
- Parameters in Tableau
Parameters in Tableau are dynamic values that allow users to control aspects of a visualization or calculation. Unlike filters, which are used only to refine data views, parameters can be used in calculated fields, filter actions, and to change dimensions or measures on the fly. For example, a parameter can let users select a particular year or product category to dynamically update charts. Parameters enhance interactivity by letting end-users drive what data they see and how it is displayed.
- Story in Tableau
A story in Tableau is a sequence of visualizations or dashboards combined to convey a
Q6. List out and discuss in detail the key principles in effective visual communication.
Ans 6.
Key Principles in Effective Visual Communication
Visual Communication in Data
Effective visual communication is essential for transforming raw data into meaningful insights that can be easily understood and acted upon. In the context of data visualization, good design is not just about aesthetics—it is about clarity, relevance, and usability. By following key principles, visualizations become powerful tools for conveying complex ideas.
Clarity and Simplicity
The first principle is clarity. A visualization should communicate the intended message
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | I |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA118 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Discuss the principles of organising and their significance in the management of an organisation. 10
Ans 1.
Principles of Organising and Their Significance in Management
Organising in Management
Organising is a fundamental function of management that involves assembling and coordinating the resources needed to implement a plan. It is the process of creating a structure for the organization that defines roles, responsibilities, and authority. Without organizing, even the most well-conceived plans would struggle to take shape or succeed in practice.
Principles of Organising
Several universally accepted principles guide the process of organizing within a business environment. These principles serve as guidelines to help managers design efficient
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Q2. How do Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Expectancy Theory help in understanding what motivates employees? 10
Ans 2.
Motivation Theories: Maslow, Herzberg, and Expectancy Theory
Employee Motivation
Employee motivation is the internal drive that prompts individuals to take action and strive toward organizational and personal goals. Understanding what motivates employees is essential for creating an engaged and productive workforce. Several motivation theories provide frameworks to understand this complex concept.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow proposed that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, starting from basic
Q3. Describe the journey of management thought from traditional to modern theories. Mention some major contributors and what they added to management knowledge. 10
Ans 3.
Management Thought
Management thought has evolved over time in response to changing industrial, economic, and technological landscapes. From early mechanistic approaches to more human-centered and system-based theories, the journey reflects a continuous effort to enhance organizational effectiveness and efficiency.
Classical Approach
The classical approach, developed during the Industrial Revolution, focused on efficiency,
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. Discuss the types of stress (eustress vs. distress) and their effects on employee performance. 10
Ans 4.
Types of Stress: Eustress vs. Distress and Their Effects on Employee Performance
Stress in the Workplace
Stress is an inevitable part of modern work environments, but not all stress is harmful. Stress can be broadly classified into two categories: eustress (positive stress) and distress (negative stress). Understanding these types helps managers and employees deal with workplace challenges more effectively while maximizing productivity and well-being.
Understanding Eustress
Eustress refers to beneficial stress that motivates individuals, helps them perform better, and
Q5. Discuss the McKinsey 7-S Framework and explain how it can help organisations align their internal elements.
Ans 5.
Ans 5.
McKinsey 7-S Framework and Organizational Alignment
McKinsey 7-S Framework
The McKinsey 7-S Framework is a strategic management model developed by McKinsey & Company to analyze organizational effectiveness. It focuses on seven interdependent elements—structure, strategy, systems, shared values, style, staff, and skills—that must be aligned for successful execution of business plans and strategies.
The Seven Elements of the Framework
- Strategy: This refers to the plan that an organization adopts to gain competitive advantage
Q6. Explain the difference between transactional and transformational leadership. 10
Ans 6.
Difference Between Transactional and Transformational Leadership
Leadership Styles
Leadership plays a pivotal role in shaping an organization’s culture, strategy, and success. Among the most commonly discussed leadership styles are transactional and transformational leadership. These styles differ significantly in their approach, influence, and impact on employees and organizational goals.
Transactional Leadership
| SESSION | JAN – FEB 2025 |
| PROGRAM | MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) |
| SEMESTER | 01 |
| COURSE CODE & NAME | DMBA119 MARKETING MANAGEMENT |
Assignment Set – 1
Q1. Define marketing. Discuss in detail the scope of marketing. 3+7
Ans 1.
Marketing
Marketing refers to the set of activities involved in identifying customer needs and satisfying them profitably. It includes creating, promoting, and delivering products or services to the target audience. As per the American Marketing Association (AMA), marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. In modern contexts, marketing is more about delivering value and building
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Q2. Discuss in detail the 7 P’s of Marketing. 10
Ans 2.
Marketing Mix
The marketing mix refers to a combination of elements that a company uses to achieve its marketing objectives. Traditionally known as the 4 P’s (Product, Price, Place, Promotion), it has expanded to include three additional P’s—People, Process, and Physical Evidence—especially in the context of services. Together, the 7 P’s provide a holistic framework for marketing strategy.
Product
Product refers to the actual goods or services offered to meet customer needs. It includes
Q3. Define segmentation. List the benefits of segmentation. 3+7
Ans 3.
Segmentation
Market segmentation is the process of dividing a broad consumer or business market into sub-groups of consumers based on shared characteristics. These segments may be defined by demographics, psychographics, geography, behavior, or other factors. The objective of segmentation is to identify and target groups with similar needs, preferences, or purchase
marketing effectiveness and drive long-term growth.
Assignment Set – 2
Q4. List the methods of pricing. Give an example for each of them. 5+5
Ans 4.
Pricing Methods
Pricing is a crucial aspect of the marketing mix as it directly affects revenue, profitability, and market competitiveness. Businesses adopt different pricing methods based on their objectives, market conditions, customer behavior, and cost structures. Each method offers a strategic approach to achieving desired outcomes in sales and profitability.
Cost-Based Pricing
Cost-based pricing involves setting the price by adding a fixed profit margin to the cost of
Q5. Define advertising. List the types of advertising with examples. 3+7
Ans 5.
Advertising
Advertising is a form of non-personal communication used by companies to promote their products, services, or ideas to a mass audience. It is a paid marketing tool that informs, persuades, and reminds customers about offerings, thereby influencing their buying decisions. Advertising is a key component of promotion in the marketing mix and is used to
Q6. Write a note on ethics in marketing. 10
Ans 6.
Marketing Ethics
Ethics in marketing refers to the moral principles and standards that guide the behavior of marketers while promoting products or services. Ethical marketing ensures that all promotional practices are truthful, fair, and respectful toward consumers, society, and competitors. In today’s consumer-centric environment, ethical considerations are vital for long-term brand trust and sustainability.
Importance of Ethical Marketing
Ethical marketing is important because it helps maintain consumer confidence and brand