SESSION JULY-AUGUST 2024
PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER 3
COURSE CODE & NAME ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT (DOMS301)

Assignment Set – 1

1. What are the key functions and responsibilities of operations managers, and how are
they adapting to emerging business trends in Operations Management?
Ans 1.
Introduction
Operations managers play a central role in ensuring the seamless functioning of an
organization. Their responsibilities encompass planning, coordinating, and supervising
processes that transform inputs into finished goods or services. This involves managing
resources, streamlining workflows, and aligning operational activities with the strategic
objectives of the organization. At the core of their role is the responsibility to ensure efficiency,
cost-effectiveness, and quality in all operational activities.
Core Functions of Operations Managers
One of the primary functions of an operations manager is production planning. This includes
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2. How does Porter’s value chain model link operations with marketing, and what role do
the six P’s of operations mix play in managing the product life cycle?
Ans 2.
Porter’s Value Chain Model is a strategic framework that identifies and analyzes the key
activities within an organization that add value to its products or services. This model links
operations with marketing by highlighting how internal processes contribute to delivering
value to customers and achieving a competitive advantage. Additionally, the six P’s of the
operations mix—product, process, place, people, productivity, and performance—play a
3. Explain the concept of Break-Even Analysis in Operations Cost Management and
discuss the factors that influence operations costs.
Ans 3.
Break-even analysis is a fundamental tool in operations cost management that helps
organizations determine the level of sales or production required to cover their costs. It
identifies the point at which total revenues equal total costs, resulting in neither profit nor loss.
This analytical method provides valuable insights into pricing, cost control, and profit planning,
making it indispensable for operational decision-making.
Concept of Break-Even Analysis
Break-even analysis focuses on the relationship between fixed costs, variable costs, and
Assignment Set – 2
4. What are the key principles in designing integrated material handling systems, and
why is an efficient layout crucial for effective material handling?
Ans 4.
Material handling involves the movement, storage, control, and protection of goods and
materials throughout manufacturing, distribution, and warehousing. Designing integrated
material handling systems ensures that these processes are efficient, cost-effective, and aligned
with organizational goals. An efficient layout is essential as it directly impacts workflow,
safety, productivity, and overall operational performance.
Key Principles in Designing Integrated Material Handling Systems
1. Minimization of Handling: The system should aim to minimize the movement of
5. Define “Lean Operations” and explain how time-based competitiveness, design for
manufacture, and simultaneous engineering contribute to operational efficiency.
Ans 5.
Lean operations aim to maximize customer value while minimizing waste. Originating from
the Toyota Production System, lean principles focus on reducing inefficiencies, enhancing
quality, and improving responsiveness. Key strategies that contribute to operational efficiency
in lean systems include time-based competitiveness, design for manufacture (DFM), and
simultaneous engineering.
Lean Operations: Maximizing Value, Minimizing Waste
Lean operations emphasize value-added activities and the elimination of waste, classified into
6. What is Statistical Quality Control, and how do descriptive statistics and probability
distribution play a role in ensuring product quality?
Ans 6.
Statistical Quality Control (SQC) is a methodical approach that applies statistical techniques
to monitor, control, and improve product quality. By leveraging data analysis, SQC identifies
variations in processes and ensures that products meet specified standards. This approach is
vital in maintaining consistency, minimizing defects, and enhancing customer satisfaction.
Descriptive statistics and probability distributions are integral to SQC, offering tools to analyze
.

SESSION JUL – AUG 2024
PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(MBA)
SEMESTER 3
COURSE CODE & NAME DOMS302 ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

Assignment Set – 1

1. What is Enterprise. Explain the importance of ERP and Enterprise.
Ans 1.
Enterprise
An enterprise is a formal organization that operates with a defined structure, processes, and
objectives to achieve specific goals, often in a business or commercial context. Enterprises can
vary in size, scale, and industry, ranging from small startups to multinational corporations.
They are characterized by their ability to manage resources effectively, adapt to changing
market conditions, and strive for long-term sustainability and profitability. Enterprises
typically consist of multiple departments, including finance, marketing, human resources,
operations, and IT, working collaboratively to achieve common objectives.
In today’s highly competitive global economy, enterprises must be agile and innovative to
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2. Write short note on following:
a. ERP and Supply Chain Management.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Supply Chain Management (SCM) are interrelated
systems that play a crucial role in ensuring efficient and seamless operations within an
organization. SCM focuses on the management of the flow of goods, information, and finances
across the supply chain, from raw materials to the final product delivered to customers. ERP
systems enhance this process by providing a unified platform to integrate and streamline all
supply chain activities.
ERP systems support SCM by enabling better demand forecasting, inventory management, and
3. Write notes on the following:
a. Advantage of ERP in CRM.
b. Reasons of failure of ERP
Ans 3.
a. Advantages of ERP in CRM
Integrating Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) with Customer Relationship Management
(CRM) systems provides numerous benefits that enhance both customer satisfaction and
operational efficiency. One of the key advantages is the centralization of customer data. By
merging ERP and CRM, organizations gain a unified platform where information such as order
history, preferences, and previous interactions is easily accessible. This comprehensive view
Assignment Set – 2
4. Explain in detail the implementation lifecycle. 10
Implementation Lifecycle of ERP
The implementation lifecycle of an ERP system involves a structured series of phases aimed at
ensuring the successful adoption and integration of the ERP solution within an organization.
This lifecycle is critical for achieving desired objectives and minimizing disruptions during
implementation. The following are the key stages of the ERP implementation lifecycle:
1. Project Initiation and Planning
This is the foundational phase where the organization defines the project scope, objectives, and
5. Write a detail note on:
a. Role of ERP Consultants
ERP consultants play a vital role in the successful implementation, optimization, and
management of ERP systems. They serve as the bridge between the organization and the ERP
solution, ensuring that the system aligns with business objectives. Their primary role begins
with assessing an organization’s requirements by conducting a detailed analysis of current
processes and identifying inefficiencies. Based on this assessment, they recommend suitable
6. Write notes on the following:
a. Benefits of ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems provide a centralized platform to streamline and
integrate various business functions, offering significant benefits to organizations. One of the
primary advantages is enhanced efficiency. By automating routine tasks and standardizing
processes, ERP reduces manual effort and errors, allowing employees to focus on strategic
activities. Improved data accuracy is another key benefit, as ERP consolidates data from

SESSION JUL – AUG 2024
PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(MBA)
SEMESTER 3
COURSE CODE & NAME DOMS303 LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT

Assignment Set – 1

1. Explain the meaning of supply chain and supply chain management. Also explain the
various parties that are involve in a supply chain.
Ans 1.
Supply Chain and Supply Chain Management
Meaning of Supply Chain
A supply chain refers to the interconnected network of organizations, activities, resources, and
technologies involved in the production and distribution of a product or service. It encompasses
every stage from sourcing raw materials to delivering the final product to the end customer.
The primary goal of a supply chain is to ensure the seamless flow of goods, services,
information, and finances to meet consumer demands efficiently.
Meaning of Supply Chain Management
Supply chain management (SCM) is the strategic coordination of all supply chain activities to
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2. “Logistics is an integrated part of supply chain”, explain. Differentiate between
domestic and international logistics.
Ans 2.
Meaning of Logistics in Supply Chain
Logistics refers to the detailed planning, implementation, and management of the movement
and storage of goods, services, and information from the point of origin to the point of
consumption. It includes activities such as transportation, warehousing, inventory
management, packaging, and order processing.
As an integrated part of the supply chain, logistics ensures the efficient flow of materials and
products across various stages. It connects suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and
customers, enabling smooth operations and timely deliveries. Without effective logistics, even
3. Write a note on CPFR. 10
Ans 3.
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) is a strategic framework
designed to enhance supply chain efficiency by fostering collaboration among trading partners.
It emphasizes joint planning, demand forecasting, and inventory replenishment to align supply
chain processes and improve overall performance. By sharing data and coordinating activities,
CPFR helps reduce inefficiencies and ensures that the supply chain responds effectively to
market demands.
The concept of CPFR is built on the principle that collaboration between supply chain partners
yields better results than operating independently. Traditional supply chains often face
Assignment Set – 2
4 Explain the different ways for conducting assessments of the Supply Chain
Management process. 10
Ans 4.
Assessing the supply chain management (SCM) process is crucial for identifying inefficiencies,
improving performance, and achieving organizational goals. Various methods provide insights
into different aspects of the supply chain to ensure it operates efficiently and aligns with
business objectives.
One key approach is performance metrics analysis, which involves tracking key performance
indicators (KPIs) such as on-time delivery, inventory turnover, and supply chain cycle time.
5. Explain the role of Information Systems in the supply chain
Ans 5.
Role of Information Systems in the Supply Chain
Information systems (IS) play a crucial role in modern supply chain management (SCM) by
integrating and streamlining processes, enhancing visibility, and enabling data-driven decisionmaking.
These systems facilitate the smooth flow of information across the supply chain,
connecting all stakeholders, from suppliers to customers.
One significant role of information systems is enhancing visibility and transparency across the
supply chain. IS tools, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems and Supply Chain
6. Explain concept, need for and importance of Reverse Supply Chain Management
(RSCM).
Ans 6.
Concept of Reverse Supply Chain Management (RSCM):
Reverse Supply Chain Management (RSCM) refers to the process of managing the flow of
goods from the end consumer back to the manufacturer or supplier. Unlike traditional supply
chains that focus on moving products forward, RSCM deals with returns, recycling,
refurbishing, and disposal of products. It encompasses activities like collecting used products,
inspecting their condition, and determining their disposition—whether to reuse, repair, recycle,

SESSION JUL – AUG 2024
PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(MBA)
SEMESTER 3
COURSE CODE & NAME DOMS304 APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONS
RESEARCH

Assignment Set – 1

1. A factory manufactures two products A and B. To manufacture one unit of A, 10
machine hours and 15 labour hours are required. To manufacture product B, 20
machine hours and 15 labour hours are required. In a month, 400 machine hours and
300 labour hours are available. Profit per unit for A is Rs. 75 and for B is Rs. 50.
Formulate as LPP.
Ans 1.
Formulating the Linear Programming Problem (LPP)
In this scenario, a factory manufactures two products, A and B, using limited resources:
machine hours and labor hours. The aim is to determine the optimal production quantities of
these products to maximize profit while staying within the resource constraints. This problem
can be formulated as a Linear Programming Problem (LPP) as follows:
Decision Variables
To represent the quantities of the two products, we define:
 x1: Number of units of product A to be produced.
 x2: Number of units of product B to be produced.
These variables must satisfy the constraints imposed by the resource availability and cannot
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2. Find solution using Simplex method
MAX Z = 3×1 + 5×2 + 4×3
subject to
2×1 + 3×2 <= 8
2×2 + 5×3 <= 10
3×1 + 2×2 + 4×3 <= 15
and x1,x2,x3 >= 0
Ans 2.
Problem is
Max Z= 3 x1+5 x2+4 x3
subject to
2 x1+3 x2 ≤ 8
2 x2+5 x3 ≤ 10
3 x1+2 x2+4 x3 ≤ 15
and x1,x2,x3≥0;
The problem is converted to canonical form by adding slack, surplus and artificial variables
as appropiate
1. As the constraint-1 is of type ‘≤’ we should add slack variable S1
2. As the constraint-2 is of type ‘≤’ we should add slack variable S2
3. As the constraint-3 is of type ‘≤’ we should add slack variable S3
After introducing slack variables
Max Z= 3 x1+5 x2+4 x3+0S1+0S2+0S3
subject to
2 x1+3 x2 + S1 =8
2 x2+5 x3 + S2 =10
3 x1+2 x2+4 x3 + S3=15
3. Solve the following LPP graphically
Max Z = 4x + 5y
Subject to
x + y ≤ 20
3x + 4y ≤ 72
x, y ≥ 0
Ans 3.
Problem is
MAX Z= 4 x1+5 x2
subject to
x1+ x2 ≤ 20
3 x1+4 x2 ≤ 72
and x1,x2≥0;
Hint to draw constraints
1. To draw constraint x1+x2≤20→(1)
Treat it as x1+x2=20
When x1=0 then x2=?
⇒(0)+x2=20
⇒x2=20
When x2=0 then x1=?
⇒x1+(0)=20
⇒x1=20
x1 0 20
x2 20 0
Put x1=0,×2=0 (origin) in x1+x2≤20, then 0+0≤20, which is true,
Assignment Set – 2
4. Obtain an optimum solution to the following transportation problem
Factory Warehouse Capacity
W1 W2 W3 W4
F1 19 30 50 10 7
F2 70 30 40 60 9
F3 40 8 70 20 18
Requirements 5 8 7 14
Ans 4.
Step-by-Step Solution to the Transportation Problem
Problem Data:
Factory
Warehouse
W1
Warehouse
W2
Warehouse
W3
Warehouse
W4 Capacity
F1 19 30 50 10 7
F2 70 30 40 60 9
Factory
Warehouse
W1
Warehouse
W2
Warehouse
W3
Warehouse
W4 Capacity
F3 40 8 70 20 18
Warehouse Requirement
W1 5
W2 8
W3 7
W4 14
Step 1: Define the Decision Variables
Let xij represent the number of goods transported from factory Fi to warehouse Wj.
Step 2: Objective Function
Minimize the total cost:
Z = 19×11 + 30×12 + 50×13 + 10×14 + 70×21 + 30×22 + 40×23 + 60×24 + 40×31 + 8×32
+ 70×33 + 20×34
5. Consider the problem of assigning five jobs to five persons. The assignment costs are
given as follows. Determine the optimum assignment schedule.
Job
Person 1 2 3 4 5
A 8 4 2 6 1
B 0 9 5 5 4
C 3 8 9 2 6
D 4 3 1 0 3
E 9 5 8 9 5
Ans 5.
Problem: Assignment of Jobs to Persons
The task involves assigning five jobs to five persons such that the total assignment cost is
minimized. The cost matrix is given as:
Job 1 Job 2 Job 3 Job 4 Job 5
A 8 4 2 6 1
B 0 9 5 5 4
C 3 8 9 2 6
D 4 3 1 0 3
E 9 5 8 9 5
We solve this using the Hungarian Method, which can be implemented algorithmically
6. Discuss the applications of Integer programming.
Ans 6.
Applications of Integer Programming
Integer Programming (IP) is a specialized field within optimization that focuses on problems
requiring decision variables to take integer values. It is widely applied in various industries
and sectors due to its ability to address real-world problems where solutions must be discrete,
such as scheduling, allocation, and resource optimization. Below are key applications of
Integer Programming, discussed in detail:
1. Supply Chain Management
Integer Programming is extensively used in supply chain optimization to address problems

Assignment Set – 1

1. Evaluate the significance of each essential element in ensuring the enforceability of a contract under the Indian Contract Act, 1872. 2+8

Ans 1.

A contract is a legally enforceable agreement that creates obligations between two or more parties. The Indian Contract Act, 1872, lays down the legal framework for contracts in India, ensuring that agreements made between parties are valid and binding. For an agreement to become a contract, it must include specific essential elements. Without these, the agreement is void, voidable, or unenforceable.

Essential Elements of a Valid Contract

1. Lawful Offer and Acceptance

One of the most fundamental elements is a lawful offer and acceptance. A contract begins

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2. Discuss the different modes of dissolution of a partnership firm under the Indian Partnership Act, 1932. 10

Ans 2.

The dissolution of a partnership firm refers to the termination of the relationship between partners and the end of business activities carried on jointly. When a firm is dissolved, all assets are realized, liabilities are paid, and any remaining surplus is distributed among the partners. The Indian Partnership Act, 1932, provides a comprehensive framework under Sections 39 to 55 for various modes of dissolution to ensure fairness and transparency in

3. Assess the importance of each essential element in determining the validity of a contract of sale under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930. 10

Ans 3.

The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 governs contracts related to the sale and purchase of goods in India. It defines a contract of sale as an agreement whereby the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the ownership of goods to the buyer for a price. However, not every agreement to sell goods qualifies as a valid contract. Certain essential elements must be present to ensure that

Assignment Set – 2

4. Illustrate how companies in India implement CSR activities in compliance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013. 10

Ans 4.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to a company’s ethical obligation to contribute positively to society, beyond profit-making objectives. It involves initiatives for social development, environmental protection, and community welfare. The concept was formally introduced into Indian corporate law under Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, which made CSR a legal requirement for eligible companies.

CSR Provisions under the Companies Act, 2013

According to Section 135, CSR provisions apply to companies that meet any of the following

5. Discuss the rights of consumers under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. 10

Ans 5.

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 was enacted to safeguard consumer interests and ensure fair trade practices in India. It replaced the 1986 Act to address modern market challenges such as e-commerce, online fraud, and misleading advertisements. According to the Act, a consumer is any individual who purchases things or makes use of services for consideration. Additionally, the Act establishes various rights that are designed to protect customers from

6. Explain the concept of a patent and describe the procedure for obtaining one under the Indian Patent Act, 1970. 3+7

Ans 6.

A patent is an exclusive legal right granted to an inventor for a new invention or process that offers a novel way of doing something or provides a technical solution to a problem. The Indian Patent Act, 1970, governs patent registration in India and provides protection to inventors by preventing others from making, using, or selling their invention without permission for a specific period—usually 20 years.

Concept and Importance of a Patent

Patents encourage innovation by rewarding inventors with exclusive rights while promoting

Assignment Set – 1

Q.1. Discuss the types of strategies with suitable examples. Explain PESTEL analysis.

Ans 1.

Types of Strategies

Strategies are a longer-term course for action to meet a specific goal or set goals in an environment of competition. The different kinds of organizations employ strategies based on their situation, available resources, and competitive pressures they face. The majority of strategies are categorized as three levels: corporate operational, business, and. Each level is designed to serve a particular objective and has a distinct area within the structure.

Corporate-level strategies establish the overall direction and scope of the organization as a

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JAN-FEB 2026

Q.2. How does Porter’s Five Forces model aid in analysing competitive dynamics within an industry? Provide a detailed examination of each force, supported by examples from a specific industry or company.

Ans 2.

Porter’s Five Forces Model

Porter’s Five Forces model, developed by Michael Porter of Harvard Business School can be a highly effective analytical tool to understand how competitive intensity affects profitability potential of any sector. It examines the five major forces which, together, influence competitive behavior and define the overall attractiveness of an industry as a place to invest.

Threat of New Entrants

This measure measures the ease with which it is for new competitors to enter into the business

Q.3. What is strategic control, and how does it differ from operational control in terms of its scope, focus, and objectives? Discuss. Discuss BCG Matrix.

Ans 3.

Strategic Control vs Operational Control

Strategic Control is the way by which top management monitors whether a business’s strategies are executed as designed and producing the expected outcomes. It is focused on the overall strategy of the business over longer periods of time that typically spans several years. Strategic control evaluates whether certain assumptions regarding the external environment that were made during the plan process still hold and whether the chosen strategy keeps generating

Assignment Set – 2

Q.4. Discuss the steps involved in business continuity plan. What are the three major types of strategic alliances organizations form for the purpose of developing a competitive advantage? Describe in detail.

Ans 4.

Business Continuity Plan

An Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is a written plan which defines the manner in which a company will carry on essential business operations or following a sudden disruption like a natural catastrophe or cyberattack, pandemic or a failure in the supply chain. A well-formulated BCP can reduce financial losses as well as protects reputation of the organization and helps

Q.5. Examine the key business strategies employed by multinational corporations (MNCs) to succeed in global markets?

Ans 5.

Global Strategies of Multinational Corporations

Multinational corporations (MNCs) have operations across a range of countries, and must face the task of improving efficiency across the globe in response to a variety of local market requirements. In order to thrive in the globalized and competitive conditions, MNCs adopt a range of strategic business models that align with their market position, the resources they have

Q.6. Write notes on the following: Business Ethics  Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Ans 6.

Business Ethics

Business ethics is the application of moral principles and ethical standards to commercial activities, choices, and relationships within organizations. It defines the boundaries of proper and improper conduct in business contexts and guides how companies interact with customers, employees, suppliers, competitors, investors, and other members of the community. Ethics-based business conduct builds credibility and trust, both of which are essential foundations for long-