Assignment Set – 1

Q.1. Explain the term Multinational Corporation. Describe the Components of Balance of Payments. (4+6 = 10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Multinational corporations and the Balance of Payments framework are two foundational concepts in international economics that explain how large corporations operate across borders and how countries track their international economic transactions. Understanding both provides insight into the drivers of global investment flows and economic interdependence.

Multinational Corporations

A Multinational Corporation is a company that owns or controls production facilities, service

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Q.2. Write a short note on Gold Standard. Elaborate the terms Hedging, Speculation and Arbitration. (3+6 = 10 Marks)

Ans 2.

The Gold Standard, hedging, speculation, and arbitrage are interconnected concepts in international finance and monetary history that together explain how exchange rates were historically anchored, how businesses manage currency risk, and how financial market participants seek to profit from price differentials.

The Gold Standard

The Gold Standard was an international monetary system in which the value of each participating country’s currency was fixed to a defined quantity of gold. Countries maintained

Q.3. Differentiate between Currency Forwards and Currency Futures. Also discuss FDI and FPI in brief. (5+5 = 10 Marks)

Ans 3.

Currency forwards, currency futures, foreign direct investment, and foreign portfolio investment are four important instruments and channels of international finance that together facilitate global trade, investment, and risk management across the diverse needs of corporate, institutional, and sovereign participants in international financial markets.

Currency Forwards vs Currency Futures

Currency forwards are customized contracts between two parties to exchange specified

Assignment Set – 2

Q.4. Discuss in detail the Special Rights and Challenges of IMF. Also write an Essay on World Bank. (5+5 = 10 Marks)

Ans 4.

The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are the two central pillars of the post-World War II international economic architecture. Both were established at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 and continue to play critical roles in supporting global economic stability and development, though their missions, instruments, and challenges are distinct.

IMF Special Rights and Challenges

The IMF’s primary mission is to maintain international monetary system stability by

Q.5. Explain the Challenges and Criticisms of WTO. Also discuss the Peacekeeping Operations of United Nations. (6+4 = 10 Marks)

Ans 5.

The World Trade Organization and the United Nations are the two most important universal multilateral institutions governing international trade and security respectively. Both face significant institutional challenges that have prompted debate about their effectiveness, governance, and reform needs in a changing geopolitical environment.

Challenges and Criticisms of WTO

The WTO oversees global trading rules and provides a dispute settlement mechanism for resolving trade conflicts between its 164 member nations. However, it faces multiple serious

Q.6. Interpret the Functions and Objectives of Regional Development Banks. Comment on Economic Impacts of Pandemics. (6+4 = 10 Marks)

Ans 6.

Regional development banks and the economic impacts of pandemics are two important topics in international economics that reveal how multilateral institutions support regional development and how global health crises generate profound and lasting economic consequences across all countries.

Functions and Objectives of Regional Development Banks

Regional Development Banks are multilateral financial institutions owned by their member countries that provide financing, technical assistance, and policy advice for economic and