Assignment Set – 1

Q1. Describe the primary function of firewalls and security measures in network architecture. 10   

Ans 1.

Primary Function of Firewalls and Security Measures in Network Architecture

In modern network architecture, security is a foundational requirement due to the increasing threats posed by malware, cyberattacks and unauthorized access. Firewalls act as the first line of defense in protecting internal networks from external risks. They operate alongside other security measures such as intrusion detection systems, encryption mechanisms, antivirus tools and access control policies. Together, these components create a secure, monitored and

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Q2. Explain the difference between simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex transmission modes. 10    

Ans 2.

Difference Between Simplex, Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex Transmission Modes

Data communication systems rely on transmission modes to determine how information flows between devices. These modes define the direction of communication and influence performance, efficiency and application suitability. The three primary transmission modes—simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex—play an essential role in networking, telecommunications and digital communication systems.

Simplex Transmission Mode

Simplex transmission is a one-way communication mode where data flows in a single

Q3. Describe the structure of an HDLC frame. 10           

Ans 3.

Structure of an HDLC Frame

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a widely used bit-oriented protocol in network communication. It provides efficient, reliable data transfer across point-to-point and multipoint links. One of the defining features of HDLC is its structured frame format, which ensures synchronization, error detection and proper framing of transmitted data. Understanding the structure of an HDLC frame is essential for analyzing how the protocol

Assignment Set – 2

Q4. Explain the roles of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in detail. 10  

Ans 4.

Roles of Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) form the backbone of global internet connectivity by enabling individuals, businesses and institutions to access the internet. Their role extends far beyond simply providing connectivity; they manage infrastructure, allocate IP addresses, ensure network security, maintain routing efficiency and support value-added services. With increasing digital dependency, ISPs play a vital role in shaping communication,

Q5. What are the key differences between FDMA and TDMA in handling multiple network users? 10       

Ans 5.

Multiple access techniques allow several users to share a communication channel efficiently. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) are two widely used methods that manage how users access a shared spectrum. Although both aim to distribute resources among users, they operate using fundamentally different mechanisms. Understanding these differences is important in evaluating system performance,

Q6. What challenges does multimedia in networking face in terms of bandwidth?  10

Ans 6.

Challenges Multimedia Networking Faces in Terms of Bandwidth

Multimedia networking involves the transmission of audio, video, images and real-time interactive content over networks. These applications require high bandwidth, low latency and consistent data flow to deliver smooth user experiences. As multimedia content becomes richer and more interactive, networks face increasing challenges in meeting the bandwidth