Assignment Set – 1

Q.1. Draw the android architecture diagram with functions of each layer. (5+5 = 10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Android Architecture Overview

Android is an open source mobile operating system based on an altered version of Linux kernel. Its architecture is organized as the stack of layers, with each layer providing particular services and abstractions for each layer over it. The design allows for modularity, making it easier developers to develop applications without the need to handle hardware-specific information. The Android architecture consists of five primary layers which are laid out starting from the

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Q.2. a) How would you create an empty project in Android Studio. Enlist the major steps. b) Describe about the function of .java and .xml files in an Android project? (5+5 = 10 Marks)

Ans 2.

1. a) Creating an Empty Project in Android Studio

Android Studio is the official Integrated Development Environment for Android application development. Making a brand new project with Android Studio follows a structured wizard-based process that sets up the necessary files and settings automatically.

The first step is to launch Android Studio and on the Welcome screen, select New Project. It will

Q.3. Describe Dalvik Virtual Machine and Android Run Time (ART). (5+5 = 10 Marks)

Ans 3.

Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM)

Dalvik Virtual Machine Dalvik Virtual Machine was the initial process virtual machine in Android starting with its release through Android 4.4 KitKat. It was specifically designed and optimized for mobile devices with limited resources including limited battery, processor, memory and memory compared to desktop or server environments. Dalvik was named after a fishing village located in Iceland and was created primarily with the help of Dan Bornstein at

Assignment Set – 2

Q.4. Explain the role of LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks in managing Cursor Loaders and the significance of its methods in the Android Loader framework. (5+5 = 10 Marks)

Ans 4.

Role of LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks

The Android Loader framework was introduced in Android 3.0 Honeycomb to provide a well-defined and a lifecycle-aware system for loading data at asynchronously within Activities and fragment components. Before Loaders, developers had to manage background threads manually by using AsyncTask or raw threads, which resulted in crash and memory leaks when the device

Q.5. Discuss how Broadcast Receivers work in Android and provide an example scenario where they might be useful. (5+5 = 10 Marks)

Ans 5.

How Broadcast Receivers Work in Android

A Broadcast Receiver is one of four core elements of application on Android along with Activities, Services, as well as Content Providers. It allows an application take in and respond to broadcasts from the Android system or from other apps. Broadcasts are messages broadcast asynchronously across the Android system in order to inform interested applications of events or

Q.6. Discuss the various CRUD operations available in SQLite database. Explain them with the help of suitable example. (5+5 = 10 Marks)

Ans 6.

CRUD Operations in SQLite Database

SQLite is a lightweight, self-contained, serverless relational database engine that is built in the Android operating system. It comes with a full-featured SQL database that is employed by Android applications to save structured data persistently on the device. “CRUD” stands for Create, Read, Update and Delete. They are the four most important processes for managing data within any database system. Android comes with the SQLiteDatabase class as well the

Assignment Set – 1

Q.1. Explain the nature and significance of Cost Accounting. Compare Cost Accounting with Financial Accounting and highlight their key differences. (5+5 = 10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Nature and Significance of Cost Accounting

Cost Accounting is the branch of accounting that involves the systematic collection, classification, recording, analysis, and presentation of data on cost that aids management in planning controls, making decision, and managing. The primary focus is finding out the expense of producing goods or rendering services, finding ways to decrease costs, and providing information on costs that can guide the management’s decisions.

The nature of cost accounting is purely internal and analytical. It covers both past expenses that

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Q.2. Describe the process of identification, collection, and classification of costs. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Achieving accurate cost information is the basis of efficient cost accounting and management decision-making. Building the base of information is composed of three interconnected and sequential steps: identification, collection, and categorizing costs.

Identification of Costs

Cost identification is the initial stage, which involves determining which costs are relevant that

Q.3. Calculate the Total Cost and Selling Price for Job No. 101. (10 Marks)

Ans 3.

Theory: Job Costing

Costing of jobs is a method of cost ascertainment used when production consists of distinct separate jobs or orders, each with specific specifications and demands from different customers. It is typically used in industries such as printing custom furniture as well as engineering workshops, construction, and advertising agencies where no two jobs are identical. The cost for

Assignment Set – 2

Q.4. Explain Contract Costing and Process Costing. Discuss their differences. (5+5 = 10 Marks)

Ans 4.

Contract Costing

Contract Costing, sometimes referred to as terminal costing is a means of cost determination applied to long-term engineering and construction contracts in which each contract is a distinct cost-unit that lasts for more than the duration of one accounting period. It is used in industries like civil construction, shipbuilding, massive plant installations, and infrastructure projects.

Q.5. Define Management Accounting and explain its functions. (10 Marks)

Ans 5.

Management Accounting is a method of identifying, measuring, analysing, interpreting, as well as communicating financial and non-financial information that helps managers achieve organizational goals. Contrary to financial accounting, which is oriented toward external reporting, and guided by mandatory standards the management accounting process is solely designed for use by internal managers and comes with the absence of a prescribed format. This

Q.6. Calculate Contribution, P/V Ratio, and Break-Even Point for the given product. (10 Marks)

Ans 6.

Marginal Costing and Break-Even Analysis

Marginal costing refers to a process where only variable expenses are in fact charged to units at cost as fixed expenses are managed as period costs and write off as contribution the overall. Contribution refers to the difference between selling price and variable costs per unit. This is the percentage of each sale contributes toward recovering fixed costs in return for the profit. It is known as the P/V ratio (Profit Volume Ratio) is the expression of contribution in percentage of