DCA1109 INTRODUCTION TO WEB PROGRAMMING APRIL 2025

Description

SESSION	APRIL 2025
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA1109 INTRODUCTION TO WEB PROGRAMMING

 

 

Set-I

 

Q1. What are the key characteristics, applications, and different versions of HTML? Explain the syntax structure of an HTML document, focusing on the head and body sections. Additionally, discuss how HTML has evolved over time to support modern web development needs, including its role in mobile and responsive design. 3+4+3            

Ans 1.

HTML: Characteristics, Applications, Versions, and Structure

Key Characteristics of HTML

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language used to create and design documents on the web. One of its main characteristics is that it defines the structure of web content using a series of elements enclosed in angle brackets. HTML is platform-independent and supported by all modern browsers. It is not a programming language but a markup language, which means it describes the layout and structure rather than logic or operations.

HTML is easy to learn and use, making it the foundation for most web development projects. It

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Q2. What is CSS, and how can basic styles be defined and integrated into an HTML document using inline, internal, and external methods? Further, explain the impact of CSS on website layout, design consistency, and responsiveness. How do CSS classes, IDs, and selectors contribute to efficient styling, and what are some common challenges and solutions in applying CSS?          3+3+4

Ans 2.

CSS: Styles, Integration Methods, Impact, and Best Practices

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to control the presentation and layout of HTML elements on a webpage. While HTML structures the content, CSS defines how it appears—such as font styles, colors, spacing, alignment, and responsiveness. By separating design from structure, CSS simplifies maintenance and improves the readability of web code.

Methods of Integrating CSS

There are three main ways to apply CSS to an HTML document: inline, internal, and external.

 

 

Q3. How are tables created and applied in HTML to organize and display data effectively? Describe the different types of lists and text formatting tags, and elaborate on how they enhance content presentation and user experience. Also, include best practices for accessibility and semantic usage when designing content with tables and lists. 4+3+3

Ans 3.

Tables, Lists, Text Formatting Tags, and Content Accessibility in HTML

Creating and Applying Tables in HTML

Tables in HTML are used to systematically display data in rows and columns. They are created using the <table> tag along with supporting tags such as <tr> for table rows, <td> for data cells, and <th> for header cells. Tables are particularly useful for displaying structured information like timetables, pricing details, or comparison charts.

Example:

<table border=”1″>

<tr>

 

 

Set-II

 

Q4. Describe the structure of HTML forms, highlighting key form elements, input types, and important form attributes. How do these components contribute to interactive web applications? Also, discuss methods to validate form data, improve user experience, and enhance accessibility in form design. 3+2+5

Ans 4.

Structure of HTML Forms and Key Elements

HTML forms are fundamental to creating interactive web applications. They allow users to input and submit data to the server for processing. The basic structure of a form is defined using the <form> tag, which includes various input fields, buttons, and attributes. The action attribute specifies the URL where the form data should be sent, and the method attribute defines how the data is sent, typically using GET or POST.

Example of a basic form:

<form action=”submit.php” method=”post”>

<

 

 

Q5. How can text be inserted and aligned in HTML? Discuss the various tags and attributes used for text alignment and formatting. Additionally, explain how images and hyperlinks are embedded into a web page, including best practices for optimizing images and ensuring links are accessible and SEO-friendly.   3+3+4             

Ans 5.

Inserting and Aligning Text in HTML

In HTML, text is inserted between opening and closing tags such as <p>, <h1>, <div>, or <span>. These tags define the structure and meaning of the content. For example, paragraphs are inserted using the <p> tag, while headings are defined with <h1> to <h6> tags. Text can be aligned using the align attribute in older HTML versions, though modern practice recommends CSS for alignment.

Example:

<p align=”center”>This text is centered.</p>

However, the align attribute is deprecated in HTML5. The preferred method is using the style attribute with CSS, such as text-align: center;.

Example:

 

Q6. What are the fundamental syntax rules, common data types, and operators in JavaScript? In addition, explain how JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is used to represent data structures. How can JSON data be parsed and stringified in JavaScript, and what are its typical use cases in modern web applications such as APIs and client-server communication?     3+3+4 

Ans 6.

JavaScript Syntax, Data Types, Operators, and JSON Usage

Fundamental Syntax Rules in JavaScript

JavaScript is a dynamic, lightweight scripting language widely used for client-side web development. It follows a specific syntax that includes variables, operators, expressions, control structures, and functions. JavaScript is case-sensitive and executes statements sequentially unless directed otherwise through conditional or loop constructs.

Every statement in JavaScript should ideally end with a semicolon (;). Code blocks are enclosed in curly braces {}, and comments are marked using // for single-line or /* */ for multi-line comments. Variables are declared using let, var, or const.

Example:

let name = “John”;

console.log(name);