DCA6110 PROGRAMMING & PROBLEM-SOLVING USING C JULY AUG 2025

Description

SESSION	JULY/SEPTEMBER 2025
PROGRAM	MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA6110 PROGRAMMING & PROBLEM-SOLVING USING C

 

 

 

SET-I

 

1. What are the primary components of a C program? Elaborate on the different features of the C language. 5+5

Ans 1.

Primary Components of a C Program and Features of the C Language

C is one of the most fundamental and powerful programming languages that form the backbone of modern software development. Designed by Dennis Ritchie in the early 1970s, it provides a structured and efficient approach to programming. Understanding the components of a C program and the language’s core features is essential for developing robust and portable applications.

Primary Components of a C Program

A typical C program consists of several key components that define its structure and logic.

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2.a. Compare and contrast while and do-while loops in terms of execution flow and behaviour.

1. Differentiate between the break statement and the continue statement. 5+5

Ans 2.

Loops are fundamental control structures in C programming that allow repetitive execution of statements based on a condition. Among them, the while and do-while loops are commonly used but differ in their control flow and execution behavior. Additionally, understanding the distinction between break and continue statements is essential for managing loop termination and flow control effectively.

1. Comparison Between While and Do-While Loops

A while loop checks its condition before executing the loop body, making it a pre-test loop. The

 

3. What is the significance of storage classes in C programming? Explain the different types of storage classes with their characteristics and examples 2+8

Ans 3.

Significance and Types of Storage Classes in C Programming

Storage classes in C define the scope, lifetime, and visibility of variables within a program. They determine how memory is allocated for variables and how long they persist during execution. Understanding storage classes is crucial for efficient memory management and for writing modular, maintainable programs.

Significance of Storage Classes

The main significance of storage classes lies in their ability to control variable accessibility and

 

 

SET-II

 

4. Define a string. Explain how strings are declared and initialized in C. Describe various string handling functions with examples. 2+3+5

Ans 4.

String

In the C programming language, a string is defined as a sequence of characters terminated by a null character ‘\0’. This null character marks the end of the string and distinguishes it from an ordinary array of characters. Strings are widely used for handling text-based data such as names, sentences, and messages. In C, strings are stored as arrays of type char, where each element represents a single character in memory.

Declaration and Initialization of Strings

Strings can be declared in two primary ways—using character arrays or character pointers. The

 

 

5. a. What is the difference between structure and union in C?
6. Explain various functions used in dynamic memory allocation. 5+5

Ans 5.

Difference Between Structure and Union, and Functions in Dynamic Memory Allocation

1. Difference Between Structure and Union

Both structures and unions in C are user-defined data types that group different types of variables under one name. However, they differ fundamentally in memory allocation and data handling. A structure allocates separate memory space for each member, allowing simultaneous storage and access of all variables. For instance:

struct student {

int rollno;

char name[20];

 

6. Explain various graphics functions available in the graphics.h library in C. Describe their syntax and purpose with suitable examples. 10

Ans 6.

Graphics Functions in graphics.h Library: Syntax, Purpose, and Examples

graphics.h

The graphics.h library in C provides a simple and effective way to implement graphical operations such as drawing shapes, coloring, and rendering text. It was primarily developed for Turbo C/C++ environments and offers a procedural interface to graphics hardware via the Borland Graphics Interface (BGI). Though outdated for modern systems, it remains foundational for understanding low-level computer graphics concepts.

Initialization and Setup

Before using any graphics functions, the graphics mode must be initialized using: